Prototype illustrative role assignments project

prototype/RolesAssignments/Authorization/Handlers/ProgressEntryAuthorizationHandler.cs

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+// =============================================================================
+// ProgressEntryAuthorizationHandler.cs
+// =============================================================================
+// This is the SECOND LAYER of authorization. It handles the question:
+// "Can this user edit/delete THIS SPECIFIC progress entry?"
+//
+// By the time this handler is called, the controller has ALREADY verified that
+// the user has student-level access (using StudentAuthorizationHandler).
+// This handler adds the extra ownership check.
+//
+// THE RULE:
+// - Teachers (PrimaryTeacher / TemporaryCoverage) can edit or delete
+//   ANY entry for their assigned students.
+// - Paraeducators can ONLY edit or delete entries that THEY created.
+//   (The CreatedByUserId on the entry must match their user ID.)
+// - Supervisors cannot edit or delete anything. Since they don't match any
+//   case below, they get an implicit deny.
+//
+// WHY TWO LAYERS?
+// ---------------
+// Imagine a paraeducator (Mr. Daniels) assigned to Student 101. He made an
+// entry yesterday. The primary teacher (Ms. Rivera) also made one today.
+//
+// When Mr. Daniels tries to edit HIS entry:
+//   Layer 1 (Student): "Is Mr. Daniels assigned to Student 101?" → Yes ✓
+//   Layer 2 (Entry):   "Did Mr. Daniels create this entry?" → Yes ✓ → ALLOWED
+//
+// When Mr. Daniels tries to edit MS. RIVERA'S entry:
+//   Layer 1 (Student): "Is Mr. Daniels assigned to Student 101?" → Yes ✓
+//   Layer 2 (Entry):   "Did Mr. Daniels create this entry?" → No ✗ → DENIED
+// =============================================================================
+
+using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization;
+using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization.Infrastructure;
+using RolesAssignments.Authorization.Resources;
+using RolesAssignments.Data;
+using RolesAssignments.Extensions;
+using RolesAssignments.Models;
+
+namespace RolesAssignments.Authorization.Handlers;
+
+public class ProgressEntryAuthorizationHandler
+    : AuthorizationHandler<OperationAuthorizationRequirement, ProgressEntryResource>
+//                                                             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+//  Notice the second type parameter is ProgressEntryResource, not StudentResource.
+//  This tells the framework: "Only call me when the resource is a ProgressEntryResource."
+//  The StudentAuthorizationHandler will NOT fire for ProgressEntryResource, and this
+//  handler will NOT fire for StudentResource. The framework routes automatically by type.
+{
+    // We need the assignment repository to check what type of assignment the
+    // user has (PrimaryTeacher vs Paraeducator), because the rules differ.
+    private readonly IAssignmentRepository _assignments;
+
+    public ProgressEntryAuthorizationHandler(IAssignmentRepository assignments)
+    {
+        _assignments = assignments;
+    }
+
+    protected override async Task HandleRequirementAsync(
+        AuthorizationHandlerContext context,
+        OperationAuthorizationRequirement requirement,
+        ProgressEntryResource resource)
+    {
+        var userId = context.User.GetUserId();
+
+        // Look up how this user is connected to the student this entry belongs to.
+        var assignment = await _assignments.GetActiveAssignment(userId, resource.StudentId);
+
+        // No assignment at all? No access to anything.
+        if (assignment is null)
+            return;
+
+        switch (requirement.Name)
+        {
+            case nameof(Operations.EditProgressEntry):
+            case nameof(Operations.DeleteProgressEntry):
+
+                // Teachers can edit/delete ANY entry for their assigned students.
+                // The student-level check (Layer 1) already confirmed they're assigned,
+                // so here we just need to confirm their assignment type grants write access.
+                if (assignment.AssignmentType is AssignmentType.PrimaryTeacher
+                                              or AssignmentType.TemporaryCoverage)
+                {
+                    context.Succeed(requirement);
+                }
+                // Paraeducators can only touch entries THEY created.
+                // We compare the entry's CreatedByUserId against the current user's ID.
+                else if (assignment.AssignmentType == AssignmentType.Paraeducator
+                         && resource.CreatedByUserId == userId)
+                {
+                    context.Succeed(requirement);
+                }
+                // Supervisors (and anyone else) fall through without Succeed() → DENIED.
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+}

prototype/RolesAssignments/Authorization/Handlers/StudentAuthorizationHandler.cs

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+// =============================================================================
+// StudentAuthorizationHandler.cs
+// =============================================================================
+// THIS IS THE MOST IMPORTANT FILE IN THE AUTHORIZATION SYSTEM.
+//
+// This handler answers the question: "Can this user perform [operation] on
+// this student?" It's called automatically by ASP.NET Core whenever you call:
+//
+//   await _auth.AuthorizeAsync(User, new StudentResource(studentId), Operations.SomeOp);
+//
+// HOW IT GETS CALLED (the chain):
+// --------------------------------
+// 1. Your controller calls AuthorizeAsync(user, resource, operation).
+// 2. The framework looks through all registered IAuthorizationHandler classes.
+// 3. This class inherits from AuthorizationHandler<OperationAuthorizationRequirement, StudentResource>.
+//    The two generic type parameters tell the framework: "I handle checks where
+//    the requirement is an OperationAuthorizationRequirement AND the resource
+//    is a StudentResource."
+// 4. The framework's base class checks: does the requirement type match? Does
+//    the resource type match? If yes to both, it calls HandleRequirementAsync.
+// 5. If you call context.Succeed(requirement), the check passes. If you don't
+//    call Succeed, the check fails (implicit deny — secure by default).
+//
+// WHAT IT DECIDES:
+// ----------------
+// - Supervisors: can view students and generate reports. Cannot write anything.
+// - Anyone with an active assignment: can view the student.
+// - PrimaryTeacher (or TemporaryCoverage): can create/edit goals and view notes.
+// - Teacher & Paraeducator: can add progress entries.
+// - No assignment at all: denied everything (the method returns without calling Succeed).
+// =============================================================================
+
+using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization;
+using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization.Infrastructure;
+using RolesAssignments.Authorization.Resources;
+using RolesAssignments.Data;
+using RolesAssignments.Extensions;
+using RolesAssignments.Models;
+
+namespace RolesAssignments.Authorization.Handlers;
+
+public class StudentAuthorizationHandler
+    : AuthorizationHandler<OperationAuthorizationRequirement, StudentResource>
+{
+    // We inject the assignment repository so we can look up whether the user
+    // is assigned to the student. In this prototype, the repository returns
+    // hardcoded data. In production, it would query MySQL via Dapper.
+    private readonly IAssignmentRepository _assignments;
+
+    public StudentAuthorizationHandler(IAssignmentRepository assignments)
+    {
+        _assignments = assignments;
+    }
+
+    // This is the method the framework calls. We NEVER call it directly ourselves.
+    //
+    // Parameters (all provided by the framework):
+    //   context     - Carries the ClaimsPrincipal (the logged-in user). Also the
+    //                 object you call .Succeed() on to approve the request.
+    //   requirement - The operation being attempted (e.g., Operations.EditGoal).
+    //                 Its .Name property is the string we switch on.
+    //   resource    - The StudentResource we passed in from the controller.
+    //                 Contains the StudentId we're checking access for.
+    protected override async Task HandleRequirementAsync(
+        AuthorizationHandlerContext context,
+        OperationAuthorizationRequirement requirement,
+        StudentResource resource)
+    {
+        // Extract the current user's ID from their claims.
+        // (See ClaimsPrincipalExtensions.cs for how this extension method works.)
+        var userId = context.User.GetUserId();
+
+        // Look up the user's assignment to this specific student.
+        // If this returns null, the user has NO connection to this student at all.
+        var assignment = await _assignments.GetActiveAssignment(userId, resource.StudentId);
+
+        // NO ASSIGNMENT = NO ACCESS
+        // If the user isn't assigned to this student, we simply return without
+        // calling Succeed(). This is an implicit denial — the framework treats
+        // "nobody said yes" as "access denied."
+        if (assignment is null)
+            return;
+
+        // The user IS assigned. Now decide based on what they're trying to do
+        // and what type of assignment they have.
+        switch (requirement.Name)
+        {
+            // --- VIEWING ---
+            // Any assigned user can view the student, regardless of assignment type.
+            // This covers teachers, paraeducators, supervisors, and temp coverage.
+            case nameof(Operations.ViewStudent):
+                context.Succeed(requirement);
+                break;
+
+            // --- REPORTS ---
+            // Reports are read-only, so any assigned user can generate them.
+            case nameof(Operations.GenerateReport):
+                context.Succeed(requirement);
+                break;
+
+            // --- CREATING AND EDITING GOALS ---
+            // Only the PrimaryTeacher (or someone with TemporaryCoverage) can
+            // create or modify goals. Paraeducators can see goals but not change
+            // them. Supervisors can view but not write.
+            case nameof(Operations.CreateGoal):
+            case nameof(Operations.EditGoal):
+                if (assignment.AssignmentType is AssignmentType.PrimaryTeacher
+                                              or AssignmentType.TemporaryCoverage)
+                {
+                    context.Succeed(requirement);
+                }
+                break;
+
+            // --- ADDING PROGRESS ENTRIES ---
+            // Both teachers and paraeducators can add progress entries.
+            // (The edit/delete rules are more restrictive — see
+            // ProgressEntryAuthorizationHandler.cs for those.)
+            // Supervisors cannot add entries.
+            case nameof(Operations.AddProgressEntry):
+                if (assignment.AssignmentType is AssignmentType.PrimaryTeacher
+                                              or AssignmentType.TemporaryCoverage
+                                              or AssignmentType.Paraeducator)
+                {
+                    context.Succeed(requirement);
+                }
+                break;
+
+            // --- VIEWING SENSITIVE NOTES ---
+            // Only the primary teacher can see confidential notes about a student.
+            case nameof(Operations.ViewSensitiveNotes):
+                if (assignment.AssignmentType == AssignmentType.PrimaryTeacher)
+                {
+                    context.Succeed(requirement);
+                }
+                break;
+
+            // If the operation doesn't match any of the above cases, we fall
+            // through without calling Succeed() — which means ACCESS DENIED.
+            // This is "deny by default" and is the safest approach.
+        }
+    }
+}

prototype/RolesAssignments/Authorization/Operations.cs

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+// =============================================================================
+// Operations.cs
+// =============================================================================
+// This class defines every OPERATION (action) that exists in the system.
+// Think of it as a menu of "things a user might try to do."
+//
+// Each field is an OperationAuthorizationRequirement — a built-in ASP.NET Core
+// class that just wraps a string name. The authorization handlers switch on
+// this name to decide if the user is allowed to perform the action.
+//
+// WHY nameof()?
+// -------------
+// You'll see `nameof(ViewStudent)` everywhere. This is a C# feature that takes
+// the NAME of the thing you point it at and turns it into a string.
+//
+// So `nameof(ViewStudent)` produces the string "ViewStudent".
+//
+// It's the same as writing `Name = "ViewStudent"`, but safer — if you rename
+// the field later, nameof() updates automatically. With a hardcoded string,
+// you'd have a silent bug where the name no longer matches.
+//
+// These are NOT connected to controller methods or endpoint names.
+// They're a self-contained vocabulary of actions that the handlers interpret.
+// =============================================================================
+
+using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization.Infrastructure;
+
+namespace RolesAssignments.Authorization;
+
+public static class Operations
+{
+    // --- Student-level operations ---
+
+    // Can the user SEE this student's information at all?
+    public static readonly OperationAuthorizationRequirement ViewStudent =
+        new() { Name = nameof(ViewStudent) };
+
+    // Can the user create a new goal for this student?
+    public static readonly OperationAuthorizationRequirement CreateGoal =
+        new() { Name = nameof(CreateGoal) };
+
+    // Can the user edit an existing goal for this student?
+    public static readonly OperationAuthorizationRequirement EditGoal =
+        new() { Name = nameof(EditGoal) };
+
+    // Can the user add a new progress entry for this student?
+    public static readonly OperationAuthorizationRequirement AddProgressEntry =
+        new() { Name = nameof(AddProgressEntry) };
+
+    // --- Entry-level operations (checked AFTER the student-level check) ---
+
+    // Can the user edit this specific progress entry?
+    // (For teachers: yes, any entry. For paraeducators: only their own.)
+    public static readonly OperationAuthorizationRequirement EditProgressEntry =
+        new() { Name = nameof(EditProgressEntry) };
+
+    // Can the user delete this specific progress entry?
+    public static readonly OperationAuthorizationRequirement DeleteProgressEntry =
+        new() { Name = nameof(DeleteProgressEntry) };
+
+    // --- Other operations ---
+
+    // Can the user view sensitive/confidential notes about this student?
+    public static readonly OperationAuthorizationRequirement ViewSensitiveNotes =
+        new() { Name = nameof(ViewSensitiveNotes) };
+
+    // Can the user generate reports for this student?
+    public static readonly OperationAuthorizationRequirement GenerateReport =
+        new() { Name = nameof(GenerateReport) };
+}

prototype/RolesAssignments/Authorization/Resources/ProgressEntryResource.cs

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+// =============================================================================
+// ProgressEntryResource.cs
+// =============================================================================
+// This resource record carries enough information for the authorization handler
+// to decide if the current user can edit or delete a SPECIFIC progress entry.
+//
+// It includes:
+//   - StudentId: needed to verify the user has any access to this student at all
+//   - EntryId: identifies which entry we're talking about
+//   - CreatedByUserId: WHO originally wrote this entry — this is the key field
+//     for the "you can only edit your own entries" rule.
+//
+// The reason we pass CreatedByUserId here (instead of making the handler look
+// it up) is that the controller already loaded the entry to check if it exists.
+// Since we already have the data, we pass it along to avoid a redundant
+// database call inside the handler.
+// =============================================================================
+
+namespace RolesAssignments.Authorization.Resources;
+
+public record ProgressEntryResource(int StudentId, int EntryId, int CreatedByUserId);

prototype/RolesAssignments/Authorization/Resources/StudentResource.cs

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+// =============================================================================
+// StudentResource.cs
+// =============================================================================
+// This is a "resource record" — a tiny data carrier that gets passed to the
+// authorization system so it knows WHICH student we're asking about.
+//
+// When you call:
+//   await _auth.AuthorizeAsync(User, new StudentResource(studentId), Operations.EditGoal);
+//
+// ...the framework takes this object and hands it to every authorization
+// handler that declared it handles StudentResource. The handler then uses
+// the StudentId to look up the user's assignment and make a decision.
+//
+// A "record" in C# is a special class that's designed to just hold data.
+// Writing `public record StudentResource(int StudentId);` is shorthand for
+// a class with a constructor, a read-only property, equality checks, etc.
+// It's the modern C# way of saying "this is just a bag of values."
+// =============================================================================
+
+namespace RolesAssignments.Authorization.Resources;
+
+public record StudentResource(int StudentId);

prototype/RolesAssignments/Controllers/GoalsController.cs

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+// =============================================================================
+// GoalsController.cs
+// =============================================================================
+// Full CRUD for goals, nested under /api/students/{studentId}/goals.
+//
+// Every action follows the same pattern:
+//   1. AUTHORIZE — ask the authorization system "can this user do this?"
+//   2. LOAD     — fetch the resource from the data layer
+//   3. ACT      — perform the business logic
+//
+// Notice that the controller has ZERO role-checking logic. There's no
+// `if (user.Role == "Teacher")` anywhere. All of that lives in the
+// StudentAuthorizationHandler. If the rules change (e.g., paraeducators
+// should also be able to create goals), you update the handler — not the
+// controller.
+// =============================================================================
+
+using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization;
+using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
+using RolesAssignments.Authorization;
+using RolesAssignments.Authorization.Resources;
+using RolesAssignments.Data;
+using RolesAssignments.Extensions;
+using RolesAssignments.Models;
+
+namespace RolesAssignments.Controllers;
+
+[ApiController]
+[Route("api/students/{studentId}/goals")]
+[Authorize]
+public class GoalsController : ControllerBase
+{
+    private readonly IAuthorizationService _auth;
+    private readonly IGoalRepository _goals;
+
+    public GoalsController(IAuthorizationService auth, IGoalRepository goals)
+    {
+        _auth = auth;
+        _goals = goals;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// GET /api/students/{studentId}/goals
+    /// Lists all goals for a student. Requires ViewStudent permission.
+    ///
+    /// Any assigned user (teacher, para, supervisor) can view goals.
+    /// </summary>
+    [HttpGet]
+    public async Task<IActionResult> GetGoalsForStudent(int studentId)
+    {
+        // Step 1: AUTHORIZE — can this user view this student?
+        var authResult = await _auth.AuthorizeAsync(
+            User, new StudentResource(studentId), Operations.ViewStudent);
+        if (!authResult.Succeeded) return Forbid();
+
+        // Step 2 & 3: LOAD and return
+        var goals = await _goals.GetByStudentId(studentId);
+        return Ok(goals);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// GET /api/students/{studentId}/goals/{goalId}
+    /// Returns a single goal. Requires ViewStudent permission.
+    /// </summary>
+    [HttpGet("{goalId}")]
+    public async Task<IActionResult> GetGoal(int studentId, int goalId)
+    {
+        var authResult = await _auth.AuthorizeAsync(
+            User, new StudentResource(studentId), Operations.ViewStudent);
+        if (!authResult.Succeeded) return Forbid();
+
+        var goal = await _goals.GetById(goalId);
+
+        // Double-check that the goal actually belongs to this student.
+        // This prevents a URL manipulation attack where someone guesses a
+        // goal ID that belongs to a different student.
+        if (goal is null || goal.StudentId != studentId) return NotFound();
+
+        return Ok(goal);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// POST /api/students/{studentId}/goals
+    /// Creates a new goal. Requires CreateGoal permission.
+    ///
+    /// Only PrimaryTeacher and TemporaryCoverage assignments grant this.
+    /// Paraeducators and Supervisors will get 403 Forbidden.
+    /// </summary>
+    [HttpPost]
+    public async Task<IActionResult> CreateGoal(int studentId, [FromBody] CreateGoalRequest request)
+    {
+        // Note: We check CreateGoal here, not ViewStudent. The handler grants
+        // CreateGoal only to PrimaryTeacher and TemporaryCoverage.
+        var authResult = await _auth.AuthorizeAsync(
+            User, new StudentResource(studentId), Operations.CreateGoal);
+        if (!authResult.Succeeded) return Forbid();
+
+        var goalId = await _goals.Create(studentId, request, User.GetUserId());
+
+        // Return 201 Created with a Location header pointing to the new resource.
+        // CreatedAtAction generates the URL automatically based on the named action.
+        return CreatedAtAction(nameof(GetGoal), new { studentId, goalId }, null);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// PUT /api/students/{studentId}/goals/{goalId}
+    /// Updates an existing goal. Requires EditGoal permission.
+    ///
+    /// Only PrimaryTeacher and TemporaryCoverage assignments grant this.
+    /// </summary>
+    [HttpPut("{goalId}")]
+    public async Task<IActionResult> UpdateGoal(
+        int studentId, int goalId, [FromBody] UpdateGoalRequest request)
+    {
+        var authResult = await _auth.AuthorizeAsync(
+            User, new StudentResource(studentId), Operations.EditGoal);
+        if (!authResult.Succeeded) return Forbid();
+
+        var goal = await _goals.GetById(goalId);
+        if (goal is null || goal.StudentId != studentId) return NotFound();
+
+        await _goals.Update(goalId, request, User.GetUserId());
+
+        // 204 No Content — the update succeeded but there's nothing to return.
+        return NoContent();
+    }
+}

prototype/RolesAssignments/Controllers/ProgressEntriesController.cs

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+// =============================================================================
+// ProgressEntriesController.cs
+// =============================================================================
+// This controller demonstrates the TWO-LAYER authorization pattern.
+//
+// For VIEWING and CREATING entries, we only need Layer 1 (student-level):
+//   "Is this user assigned to the student?"
+//
+// For EDITING and DELETING entries, we need BOTH layers:
+//   Layer 1 (student-level): "Is this user assigned to the student?"
+//   Layer 2 (entry-level):   "Can this user edit THIS specific entry?"
+//
+// The entry-level check is needed because paraeducators can only edit/delete
+// entries they created themselves. Teachers can edit/delete any entry.
+//
+// THE FLOW for edit/delete:
+//   1. Check student-level access (StudentResource + ViewStudent)
+//   2. Load the entry from the database
+//   3. Check entry-level ownership (ProgressEntryResource + EditProgressEntry)
+//   4. If both pass, proceed with the operation
+//
+// If either check fails, the user gets 403 Forbidden.
+// =============================================================================
+
+using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization;
+using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
+using RolesAssignments.Authorization;
+using RolesAssignments.Authorization.Resources;
+using RolesAssignments.Data;
+using RolesAssignments.Extensions;
+using RolesAssignments.Models;
+
+namespace RolesAssignments.Controllers;
+
+[ApiController]
+[Route("api/students/{studentId}/entries")]
+[Authorize]
+public class ProgressEntriesController : ControllerBase
+{
+    private readonly IAuthorizationService _auth;
+    private readonly IProgressEntryRepository _entries;
+
+    public ProgressEntriesController(IAuthorizationService auth, IProgressEntryRepository entries)
+    {
+        _auth = auth;
+        _entries = entries;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// GET /api/students/{studentId}/entries
+    /// Lists all progress entries for a student. Requires ViewStudent permission.
+    /// </summary>
+    [HttpGet]
+    public async Task<IActionResult> GetEntriesForStudent(int studentId)
+    {
+        // Just a student-level check — anyone assigned can view entries.
+        var authResult = await _auth.AuthorizeAsync(
+            User, new StudentResource(studentId), Operations.ViewStudent);
+        if (!authResult.Succeeded) return Forbid();
+
+        var entries = await _entries.GetByStudentId(studentId);
+        return Ok(entries);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// GET /api/students/{studentId}/entries/{entryId}
+    /// Returns a single progress entry. Requires ViewStudent permission.
+    /// </summary>
+    [HttpGet("{entryId}")]
+    public async Task<IActionResult> GetEntry(int studentId, int entryId)
+    {
+        var authResult = await _auth.AuthorizeAsync(
+            User, new StudentResource(studentId), Operations.ViewStudent);
+        if (!authResult.Succeeded) return Forbid();
+
+        var entry = await _entries.GetById(entryId);
+        if (entry is null || entry.StudentId != studentId) return NotFound();
+
+        return Ok(entry);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// POST /api/students/{studentId}/entries
+    /// Creates a new progress entry. Requires AddProgressEntry permission.
+    ///
+    /// Teachers and Paraeducators can both add entries.
+    /// Supervisors cannot.
+    /// </summary>
+    [HttpPost]
+    public async Task<IActionResult> AddEntry(int studentId, [FromBody] CreateEntryRequest request)
+    {
+        var authResult = await _auth.AuthorizeAsync(
+            User, new StudentResource(studentId), Operations.AddProgressEntry);
+        if (!authResult.Succeeded) return Forbid();
+
+        var entryId = await _entries.Create(studentId, request, User.GetUserId());
+        return CreatedAtAction(nameof(GetEntry), new { studentId, entryId }, null);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// PUT /api/students/{studentId}/entries/{entryId}
+    /// Updates an existing progress entry.
+    ///
+    /// THIS IS WHERE THE TWO-LAYER CHECK HAPPENS:
+    ///
+    /// Layer 1: Can the user access this student at all?
+    ///   → Uses StudentResource + ViewStudent
+    ///   → Checked by StudentAuthorizationHandler
+    ///
+    /// Layer 2: Can the user edit THIS SPECIFIC entry?
+    ///   → Uses ProgressEntryResource + EditProgressEntry
+    ///   → Checked by ProgressEntryAuthorizationHandler
+    ///   → Teachers: can edit any entry
+    ///   → Paraeducators: can only edit entries they created
+    ///   → Supervisors: cannot edit anything
+    /// </summary>
+    [HttpPut("{entryId}")]
+    public async Task<IActionResult> UpdateEntry(
+        int studentId, int entryId, [FromBody] UpdateEntryRequest request)
+    {
+        // LAYER 1: Student-level access check
+        var studentAuth = await _auth.AuthorizeAsync(
+            User, new StudentResource(studentId), Operations.ViewStudent);
+        if (!studentAuth.Succeeded) return Forbid();
+
+        // Load the entry — we need it to check ownership in Layer 2
+        var entry = await _entries.GetById(entryId);
+        if (entry is null || entry.StudentId != studentId) return NotFound();
+
+        // LAYER 2: Entry-level ownership check
+        // Notice we're using a DIFFERENT resource type (ProgressEntryResource)
+        // and a DIFFERENT operation (EditProgressEntry).
+        // This causes the framework to call ProgressEntryAuthorizationHandler
+        // instead of StudentAuthorizationHandler.
+        var entryAuth = await _auth.AuthorizeAsync(
+            User,
+            new ProgressEntryResource(entry.StudentId, entry.Id, entry.CreatedByUserId),
+            Operations.EditProgressEntry);
+        if (!entryAuth.Succeeded) return Forbid();
+
+        // Both layers passed — proceed with the update
+        await _entries.Update(entryId, request, User.GetUserId());
+        return NoContent();
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// DELETE /api/students/{studentId}/entries/{entryId}
+    /// Soft-deletes a progress entry. Same two-layer check as UpdateEntry.
+    ///
+    /// Teachers: can delete any entry for their assigned students.
+    /// Paraeducators: can only delete entries they created.
+    /// Supervisors: cannot delete.
+    /// </summary>
+    [HttpDelete("{entryId}")]
+    public async Task<IActionResult> DeleteEntry(int studentId, int entryId)
+    {
+        // Layer 1: Student access
+        var studentAuth = await _auth.AuthorizeAsync(
+            User, new StudentResource(studentId), Operations.ViewStudent);
+        if (!studentAuth.Succeeded) return Forbid();
+
+        // Load the entry
+        var entry = await _entries.GetById(entryId);
+        if (entry is null || entry.StudentId != studentId) return NotFound();
+
+        // Layer 2: Entry ownership
+        var entryAuth = await _auth.AuthorizeAsync(
+            User,
+            new ProgressEntryResource(entry.StudentId, entry.Id, entry.CreatedByUserId),
+            Operations.DeleteProgressEntry);
+        if (!entryAuth.Succeeded) return Forbid();
+
+        // Soft-delete (marks as deleted, doesn't remove the row)
+        await _entries.SoftDelete(entryId, User.GetUserId());
+        return Ok();
+    }
+}

prototype/RolesAssignments/Controllers/StudentsController.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+// =============================================================================
+// StudentsController.cs
+// =============================================================================
+// This controller demonstrates TWO different authorization patterns:
+//
+// 1. LIST endpoint (GET /api/students):
+//    Authorization is handled IN THE QUERY — the repository only returns
+//    students the user is assigned to. No AuthorizeAsync call needed because
+//    unauthorized records never leave the database.
+//
+// 2. SINGLE-RESOURCE endpoint (GET /api/students/{id}):
+//    Authorization is checked EXPLICITLY by calling AuthorizeAsync with
+//    a StudentResource. The authorization handler decides yes/no.
+//
+// WHY THE DIFFERENCE?
+// -------------------
+// For a single resource, you can load it and then ask "can this user see this?"
+// For a list, you can't load ALL records and filter — that's slow and leaks
+// information (the user could infer how many total records exist). So the
+// query itself is scoped to only return what the user is allowed to see.
+// =============================================================================
+
+using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization;
+using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
+using RolesAssignments.Authorization;
+using RolesAssignments.Authorization.Resources;
+using RolesAssignments.Data;
+using RolesAssignments.Extensions;
+
+namespace RolesAssignments.Controllers;
+
+[ApiController]
+[Route("api/students")]
+[Authorize]  // This attribute means: "the user must be authenticated (logged in)
+             // to access ANY endpoint in this controller." It doesn't check roles
+             // or permissions — just that the user is someone, not anonymous.
+public class StudentsController : ControllerBase
+{
+    private readonly IAuthorizationService _auth;
+    private readonly IStudentRepository _students;
+
+    // These dependencies are injected by the DI container (configured in Program.cs).
+    // The controller doesn't know or care whether it's getting dummy data or real data.
+    public StudentsController(IAuthorizationService auth, IStudentRepository students)
+    {
+        _auth = auth;
+        _students = students;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// GET /api/students
+    /// Returns the list of students that the current user is allowed to see.
+    ///
+    /// This is the "scoped list" pattern:
+    /// - Ms. Rivera (User 1) → sees Students 101, 102 (her assigned students)
+    /// - Mr. Daniels (User 2) → sees Student 101 only (his assignment)
+    /// - Dr. Patel (User 3) → sees all students (supervisor assignments)
+    /// </summary>
+    [HttpGet]
+    public async Task<IActionResult> GetMyStudents()
+    {
+        // Get the current user's ID from their claims.
+        var userId = User.GetUserId();
+
+        // The repository query is already scoped — it joins through the
+        // assignments table, so it only returns students this user has access to.
+        // No AuthorizeAsync call needed here.
+        var students = await _students.GetAccessibleStudents(userId);
+
+        return Ok(students);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// GET /api/students/{studentId}
+    /// Returns a single student. Requires the user to be assigned to this student.
+    ///
+    /// This is the "authorize-then-load" pattern:
+    /// 1. Check: can this user view this student?
+    /// 2. If yes, load and return the data.
+    /// 3. If no, return 403 Forbidden.
+    /// </summary>
+    [HttpGet("{studentId}")]
+    public async Task<IActionResult> GetStudent(int studentId)
+    {
+        // AUTHORIZATION CHECK
+        // We create a StudentResource (just a carrier with the student ID)
+        // and pass it to AuthorizeAsync along with the operation we want to
+        // perform (ViewStudent). The framework then calls our
+        // StudentAuthorizationHandler, which checks the user's assignment.
+        var authResult = await _auth.AuthorizeAsync(
+            User,                                // The current user (ClaimsPrincipal)
+            new StudentResource(studentId),       // The resource we're asking about
+            Operations.ViewStudent);              // The operation we want to perform
+
+        // If the handler didn't call context.Succeed(), the result is "not succeeded"
+        // and we return 403 Forbidden. The user is authenticated (we know who they
+        // are) but not authorized (they're not allowed to do this).
+        if (!authResult.Succeeded)
+            return Forbid();
+
+        // Authorization passed — now load the actual data.
+        var student = await _students.GetById(studentId);
+        if (student is null)
+            return NotFound();
+
+        return Ok(student);
+    }
+}

prototype/RolesAssignments/Data/DummyAssignmentRepository.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+// =============================================================================
+// DummyAssignmentRepository.cs
+// =============================================================================
+// This is the HARDCODED version of the assignment repository.
+// It simulates what the database would return, without needing a real database.
+//
+// THE DEMO DATA:
+// ┌─────────┬───────────────┬────────────┬───────────────────┐
+// │ User ID │ Name          │ Student ID │ Assignment Type   │
+// ├─────────┼───────────────┼────────────┼───────────────────┤
+// │ 1       │ Ms. Rivera    │ 101        │ PrimaryTeacher    │
+// │ 1       │ Ms. Rivera    │ 102        │ PrimaryTeacher    │
+// │ 2       │ Mr. Daniels   │ 101        │ Paraeducator      │
+// │ 3       │ Dr. Patel     │ 101        │ Supervisor        │
+// │ 3       │ Dr. Patel     │ 102        │ Supervisor        │
+// │ 3       │ Dr. Patel     │ 103        │ Supervisor        │
+// │ 3       │ Dr. Patel     │ 104        │ Supervisor        │
+// └─────────┴───────────────┴────────────┴───────────────────┘
+//
+// Notice: Student 103 and 104 are NOT assigned to User 1 (Ms. Rivera) or
+// User 2 (Mr. Daniels). If those users try to access those students, the
+// authorization handler will get null from GetActiveAssignment and deny access.
+//
+// Dr. Patel (Supervisor) has Supervisor-type assignments to ALL students,
+// which grants read-only access everywhere.
+// =============================================================================
+
+using RolesAssignments.Models;
+
+namespace RolesAssignments.Data;
+
+public class DummyAssignmentRepository : IAssignmentRepository
+{
+    // This list simulates the student_assignments table in the database.
+    // Each entry represents one row — one relationship between a user and a student.
+    private static readonly List<StudentAssignment> _assignments = new()
+    {
+        // Ms. Rivera (User 1) is the primary teacher for Students 101 and 102
+        new StudentAssignment
+        {
+            Id = 1, UserId = 1, StudentId = 101,
+            AssignmentType = AssignmentType.PrimaryTeacher,
+            StartDate = new DateTime(2025, 9, 1), EndDate = null, IsActive = true
+        },
+        new StudentAssignment
+        {
+            Id = 2, UserId = 1, StudentId = 102,
+            AssignmentType = AssignmentType.PrimaryTeacher,
+            StartDate = new DateTime(2025, 9, 1), EndDate = null, IsActive = true
+        },
+
+        // Mr. Daniels (User 2) is a paraeducator assigned to Student 101
+        new StudentAssignment
+        {
+            Id = 3, UserId = 2, StudentId = 101,
+            AssignmentType = AssignmentType.Paraeducator,
+            StartDate = new DateTime(2025, 9, 1), EndDate = null, IsActive = true
+        },
+
+        // Dr. Patel (User 3) is a supervisor for ALL students
+        new StudentAssignment
+        {
+            Id = 4, UserId = 3, StudentId = 101,
+            AssignmentType = AssignmentType.Supervisor,
+            StartDate = new DateTime(2025, 9, 1), EndDate = null, IsActive = true
+        },
+        new StudentAssignment
+        {
+            Id = 5, UserId = 3, StudentId = 102,
+            AssignmentType = AssignmentType.Supervisor,
+            StartDate = new DateTime(2025, 9, 1), EndDate = null, IsActive = true
+        },
+        new StudentAssignment
+        {
+            Id = 6, UserId = 3, StudentId = 103,
+            AssignmentType = AssignmentType.Supervisor,
+            StartDate = new DateTime(2025, 9, 1), EndDate = null, IsActive = true
+        },
+        new StudentAssignment
+        {
+            Id = 7, UserId = 3, StudentId = 104,
+            AssignmentType = AssignmentType.Supervisor,
+            StartDate = new DateTime(2025, 9, 1), EndDate = null, IsActive = true
+        },
+    };
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Finds an active assignment between the given user and student.
+    /// Returns null if no active assignment exists.
+    /// </summary>
+    public Task<StudentAssignment?> GetActiveAssignment(int userId, int studentId)
+    {
+        // This LINQ query does in-memory what the SQL query would do in a real database.
+        var now = DateTime.UtcNow;
+
+        var assignment = _assignments.FirstOrDefault(a =>
+            a.UserId == userId
+            && a.StudentId == studentId
+            && a.IsActive
+            && a.StartDate <= now
+            && (a.EndDate == null || a.EndDate >= now));
+
+        // ==========================================
+        // REAL DATABASE VERSION (commented out):
+        // ==========================================
+        // In production, this method would use Dapper to query MySQL:
+        //
+        // public async Task<StudentAssignment?> GetActiveAssignment(int userId, int studentId)
+        // {
+        //     return await _db.QueryFirstOrDefaultAsync<StudentAssignment>(
+        //         @"SELECT id, user_id AS UserId, student_id AS StudentId,
+        //                  assignment_type AS AssignmentType,
+        //                  start_date AS StartDate, end_date AS EndDate,
+        //                  is_active AS IsActive
+        //           FROM student_assignments
+        //           WHERE user_id = @UserId
+        //             AND student_id = @StudentId
+        //             AND is_active = TRUE
+        //             AND start_date <= CURDATE()
+        //             AND (end_date IS NULL OR end_date >= CURDATE())
+        //           LIMIT 1",
+        //         new { UserId = userId, StudentId = studentId });
+        // }
+
+        return Task.FromResult(assignment);
+    }
+}

prototype/RolesAssignments/Data/DummyGoalRepository.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+// =============================================================================
+// DummyGoalRepository.cs
+// =============================================================================
+// Hardcoded goal data. Goals belong to students and can only be created/edited
+// by the PrimaryTeacher (enforced by the authorization handler, not here).
+//
+// This repository is intentionally "dumb" — it just stores and retrieves data.
+// Authorization is handled elsewhere (in the handlers and controllers).
+// This separation of concerns is important: the repository doesn't know or
+// care about permissions. It just does CRUD.
+// =============================================================================
+
+using RolesAssignments.Models;
+
+namespace RolesAssignments.Data;
+
+public class DummyGoalRepository : IGoalRepository
+{
+    // Simulates the goals table. We use a static list so data persists
+    // across requests during a single run of the app (but resets on restart).
+    private static readonly List<Goal> _goals = new()
+    {
+        new Goal
+        {
+            Id = 1, StudentId = 101,
+            Title = "Reading Fluency",
+            Description = "Student will read 20 words per minute by end of semester.",
+            CreatedByUserId = 1, CreatedAt = new DateTime(2025, 9, 15)
+        },
+        new Goal
+        {
+            Id = 2, StudentId = 101,
+            Title = "Math Facts",
+            Description = "Student will master addition facts to 10.",
+            CreatedByUserId = 1, CreatedAt = new DateTime(2025, 9, 15)
+        },
+        new Goal
+        {
+            Id = 3, StudentId = 102,
+            Title = "Social Skills",
+            Description = "Student will initiate peer interactions 3 times per day.",
+            CreatedByUserId = 1, CreatedAt = new DateTime(2025, 9, 16)
+        },
+    };
+
+    // Counter for generating new IDs (simulates AUTO_INCREMENT)
+    private static int _nextId = 4;
+
+    public Task<IEnumerable<Goal>> GetByStudentId(int studentId)
+    {
+        var goals = _goals.Where(g => g.StudentId == studentId);
+
+        // ==========================================
+        // REAL DATABASE VERSION (commented out):
+        // ==========================================
+        // return await _db.QueryAsync<Goal>(
+        //     @"SELECT id AS Id, student_id AS StudentId, title AS Title,
+        //              description AS Description,
+        //              created_by_user_id AS CreatedByUserId,
+        //              created_at AS CreatedAt
+        //       FROM goals
+        //       WHERE student_id = @StudentId
+        //       ORDER BY created_at",
+        //     new { StudentId = studentId });
+
+        return Task.FromResult(goals);
+    }
+
+    public Task<Goal?> GetById(int goalId)
+    {
+        var goal = _goals.FirstOrDefault(g => g.Id == goalId);
+        return Task.FromResult(goal);
+    }
+
+    public Task<int> Create(int studentId, CreateGoalRequest request, int createdByUserId)
+    {
+        var goal = new Goal
+        {
+            Id = _nextId++,
+            StudentId = studentId,
+            Title = request.Title,
+            Description = request.Description,
+            CreatedByUserId = createdByUserId,
+            CreatedAt = DateTime.UtcNow
+        };
+        _goals.Add(goal);
+
+        // ==========================================
+        // REAL DATABASE VERSION (commented out):
+        // ==========================================
+        // var goalId = await _db.ExecuteScalarAsync<int>(
+        //     @"INSERT INTO goals (student_id, title, description, created_by_user_id, created_at)
+        //       VALUES (@StudentId, @Title, @Description, @CreatedByUserId, NOW());
+        //       SELECT LAST_INSERT_ID();",
+        //     new { StudentId = studentId, request.Title, request.Description, CreatedByUserId = createdByUserId });
+
+        return Task.FromResult(goal.Id);
+    }
+
+    public Task Update(int goalId, UpdateGoalRequest request, int updatedByUserId)
+    {
+        var goal = _goals.FirstOrDefault(g => g.Id == goalId);
+        if (goal is not null)
+        {
+            goal.Title = request.Title;
+            goal.Description = request.Description;
+        }
+
+        // ==========================================
+        // REAL DATABASE VERSION (commented out):
+        // ==========================================
+        // await _db.ExecuteAsync(
+        //     @"UPDATE goals
+        //       SET title = @Title, description = @Description,
+        //           updated_by_user_id = @UpdatedByUserId, updated_at = NOW()
+        //       WHERE id = @GoalId",
+        //     new { GoalId = goalId, request.Title, request.Description, UpdatedByUserId = updatedByUserId });
+
+        return Task.CompletedTask;
+    }
+}

prototype/RolesAssignments/Data/DummyProgressEntryRepository.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+// =============================================================================
+// DummyProgressEntryRepository.cs
+// =============================================================================
+// Hardcoded progress entry data. This is the entity that demonstrates the
+// ownership model — entries have a CreatedByUserId, and the authorization
+// handler uses it to determine who can edit/delete them.
+//
+// The seed data includes entries created by different users so you can test:
+//   - Ms. Rivera (User 1) editing any entry for her students → ALLOWED
+//   - Mr. Daniels (User 2) editing his own entry → ALLOWED
+//   - Mr. Daniels (User 2) editing Ms. Rivera's entry → DENIED
+// =============================================================================
+
+using RolesAssignments.Models;
+
+namespace RolesAssignments.Data;
+
+public class DummyProgressEntryRepository : IProgressEntryRepository
+{
+    // Simulates the progress_entries table
+    private static readonly List<ProgressEntry> _entries = new()
+    {
+        // Entry created by Ms. Rivera (User 1) for Student 101
+        new ProgressEntry
+        {
+            Id = 1, StudentId = 101,
+            Notes = "Student read 12 words per minute today. Showing improvement.",
+            CreatedByUserId = 1,  // Ms. Rivera made this entry
+            CreatedAt = new DateTime(2025, 10, 1),
+            IsDeleted = false
+        },
+
+        // Entry created by Mr. Daniels (User 2) for Student 101
+        new ProgressEntry
+        {
+            Id = 2, StudentId = 101,
+            Notes = "Worked on addition facts during small group. Got 7/10 correct.",
+            CreatedByUserId = 2,  // Mr. Daniels made this entry
+            CreatedAt = new DateTime(2025, 10, 2),
+            IsDeleted = false
+        },
+
+        // Another entry by Ms. Rivera for Student 102
+        new ProgressEntry
+        {
+            Id = 3, StudentId = 102,
+            Notes = "Student initiated conversation with peer during recess.",
+            CreatedByUserId = 1,  // Ms. Rivera made this entry
+            CreatedAt = new DateTime(2025, 10, 3),
+            IsDeleted = false
+        },
+    };
+
+    private static int _nextId = 4;
+
+    public Task<IEnumerable<ProgressEntry>> GetByStudentId(int studentId)
+    {
+        var entries = _entries.Where(e => e.StudentId == studentId && !e.IsDeleted);
+
+        // ==========================================
+        // REAL DATABASE VERSION (commented out):
+        // ==========================================
+        // return await _db.QueryAsync<ProgressEntry>(
+        //     @"SELECT id AS Id, student_id AS StudentId, notes AS Notes,
+        //              created_by_user_id AS CreatedByUserId,
+        //              created_at AS CreatedAt, is_deleted AS IsDeleted
+        //       FROM progress_entries
+        //       WHERE student_id = @StudentId AND is_deleted = FALSE
+        //       ORDER BY created_at DESC",
+        //     new { StudentId = studentId });
+
+        return Task.FromResult(entries);
+    }
+
+    public Task<ProgressEntry?> GetById(int entryId)
+    {
+        var entry = _entries.FirstOrDefault(e => e.Id == entryId && !e.IsDeleted);
+        return Task.FromResult(entry);
+    }
+
+    public Task<int> Create(int studentId, CreateEntryRequest request, int createdByUserId)
+    {
+        var entry = new ProgressEntry
+        {
+            Id = _nextId++,
+            StudentId = studentId,
+            Notes = request.Notes,
+            CreatedByUserId = createdByUserId,
+            CreatedAt = DateTime.UtcNow,
+            IsDeleted = false
+        };
+        _entries.Add(entry);
+
+        // ==========================================
+        // REAL DATABASE VERSION (commented out):
+        // ==========================================
+        // var entryId = await _db.ExecuteScalarAsync<int>(
+        //     @"INSERT INTO progress_entries (student_id, notes, created_by_user_id, created_at, is_deleted)
+        //       VALUES (@StudentId, @Notes, @CreatedByUserId, NOW(), FALSE);
+        //       SELECT LAST_INSERT_ID();",
+        //     new { StudentId = studentId, request.Notes, CreatedByUserId = createdByUserId });
+
+        return Task.FromResult(entry.Id);
+    }
+
+    public Task Update(int entryId, UpdateEntryRequest request, int updatedByUserId)
+    {
+        var entry = _entries.FirstOrDefault(e => e.Id == entryId && !e.IsDeleted);
+        if (entry is not null)
+        {
+            entry.Notes = request.Notes;
+        }
+
+        // ==========================================
+        // REAL DATABASE VERSION (commented out):
+        // ==========================================
+        // await _db.ExecuteAsync(
+        //     @"UPDATE progress_entries
+        //       SET notes = @Notes, updated_by_user_id = @UpdatedByUserId, updated_at = NOW()
+        //       WHERE id = @EntryId AND is_deleted = FALSE",
+        //     new { EntryId = entryId, request.Notes, UpdatedByUserId = updatedByUserId });
+
+        return Task.CompletedTask;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Soft-delete: marks the entry as deleted instead of removing it.
+    /// The row stays in the database for auditing purposes.
+    /// </summary>
+    public Task SoftDelete(int entryId, int deletedByUserId)
+    {
+        var entry = _entries.FirstOrDefault(e => e.Id == entryId);
+        if (entry is not null)
+        {
+            entry.IsDeleted = true;
+        }
+
+        // ==========================================
+        // REAL DATABASE VERSION (commented out):
+        // ==========================================
+        // await _db.ExecuteAsync(
+        //     @"UPDATE progress_entries
+        //       SET is_deleted = TRUE,
+        //           deleted_by_user_id = @DeletedByUserId,
+        //           deleted_at = NOW()
+        //       WHERE id = @EntryId",
+        //     new { EntryId = entryId, DeletedByUserId = deletedByUserId });
+
+        return Task.CompletedTask;
+    }
+}

prototype/RolesAssignments/Data/DummyStudentRepository.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+// =============================================================================
+// DummyStudentRepository.cs
+// =============================================================================
+// Hardcoded student data. The most interesting method here is
+// GetAccessibleStudents, which demonstrates the "scoped list" pattern.
+//
+// THE IDEA:
+// For single-resource endpoints (GET /students/101), the controller calls
+// AuthorizeAsync to check access. But for LIST endpoints (GET /students),
+// you can't load ALL students and then authorize each one — that's slow
+// and leaks the existence of records the user shouldn't see.
+//
+// Instead, the list query itself is scoped through the assignments table.
+// The query joins students through student_assignments, so it only returns
+// students the user is assigned to. Unauthorized records never leave the
+// database.
+// =============================================================================
+
+using RolesAssignments.Models;
+
+namespace RolesAssignments.Data;
+
+public class DummyStudentRepository : IStudentRepository
+{
+    // Simulates the students table
+    private static readonly List<Student> _students = new()
+    {
+        new Student { Id = 101, Identifier = "Student A", ProgramYear = "2025-2026", Age = 8, IsDeleted = false },
+        new Student { Id = 102, Identifier = "Student B", ProgramYear = "2025-2026", Age = 9, IsDeleted = false },
+        new Student { Id = 103, Identifier = "Student C", ProgramYear = "2025-2026", Age = 7, IsDeleted = false },
+        new Student { Id = 104, Identifier = "Student D", ProgramYear = "2025-2026", Age = 10, IsDeleted = false },
+    };
+
+    // We need the assignment data to scope the list query
+    private readonly IAssignmentRepository _assignments;
+
+    public DummyStudentRepository(IAssignmentRepository assignments)
+    {
+        _assignments = assignments;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Returns only the students that the given user is assigned to.
+    /// In a real database, this would be a single SQL query with a JOIN
+    /// through student_assignments. Here we simulate it in-memory.
+    /// </summary>
+    public Task<IEnumerable<StudentSummaryDto>> GetAccessibleStudents(int userId)
+    {
+        // In-memory simulation: we cast the dummy assignment repo to get
+        // access to the underlying data. This is a prototype shortcut.
+        // In production, this would be a SQL JOIN (see below).
+
+        // We use the DummyAssignmentRepository to simulate the JOIN.
+        // For each student, check if the user has an active assignment.
+        var now = DateTime.UtcNow;
+        var assignmentRepo = (DummyAssignmentRepository)_assignments;
+
+        // Because we can't easily access the private static list from the
+        // assignment repo in this simulation, we'll use GetActiveAssignment
+        // for each student. This is an N+1 query in-memory — fine for a demo,
+        // terrible in production (which is why the real version uses a JOIN).
+        var results = new List<StudentSummaryDto>();
+        foreach (var student in _students.Where(s => !s.IsDeleted))
+        {
+            var assignment = _assignments.GetActiveAssignment(userId, student.Id).Result;
+            if (assignment is not null)
+            {
+                results.Add(new StudentSummaryDto
+                {
+                    Id = student.Id,
+                    Identifier = student.Identifier,
+                    ProgramYear = student.ProgramYear,
+                    Age = student.Age,
+                    AssignmentType = assignment.AssignmentType.ToString()
+                });
+            }
+        }
+
+        // ==========================================
+        // REAL DATABASE VERSION (commented out):
+        // ==========================================
+        // In production, this is ONE query — no N+1 problem:
+        //
+        // return await _db.QueryAsync<StudentSummaryDto>(
+        //     @"SELECT s.id AS Id,
+        //              s.identifier AS Identifier,
+        //              s.program_year AS ProgramYear,
+        //              s.age AS Age,
+        //              sa.assignment_type AS AssignmentType
+        //       FROM students s
+        //       INNER JOIN student_assignments sa ON sa.student_id = s.id
+        //       WHERE sa.user_id = @UserId
+        //         AND sa.is_active = TRUE
+        //         AND sa.start_date <= CURDATE()
+        //         AND (sa.end_date IS NULL OR sa.end_date >= CURDATE())
+        //         AND s.is_deleted = FALSE
+        //       ORDER BY s.identifier",
+        //     new { UserId = userId });
+        //
+        // Notice: there is NO role check in the query. The assignments table
+        // already encodes who can see what — supervisors have Supervisor-type
+        // assignments to all students, so they naturally appear in the JOIN.
+
+        return Task.FromResult<IEnumerable<StudentSummaryDto>>(results);
+    }
+
+    public Task<Student?> GetById(int studentId)
+    {
+        var student = _students.FirstOrDefault(s => s.Id == studentId && !s.IsDeleted);
+        return Task.FromResult(student);
+    }
+}

prototype/RolesAssignments/Data/IAssignmentRepository.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+// =============================================================================
+// IAssignmentRepository.cs
+// =============================================================================
+// This interface defines WHAT the assignment repository can do, without saying
+// HOW it does it. In this prototype, the "how" is hardcoded dummy data.
+// In production, the "how" would be a MySQL query via Dapper.
+//
+// WHY USE AN INTERFACE?
+// ---------------------
+// By coding against IAssignmentRepository (the interface) instead of a
+// concrete class, you can swap implementations without changing any other code.
+// Today: DummyAssignmentRepository (hardcoded). Tomorrow: DapperAssignmentRepository
+// (real database). The controllers, handlers, and everything else don't change —
+// they only know about the interface, not the implementation behind it.
+//
+// The swap happens in one place: Program.cs, where you register the service.
+// =============================================================================
+
+using RolesAssignments.Models;
+
+namespace RolesAssignments.Data;
+
+public interface IAssignmentRepository
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Looks up the active assignment between a specific user and a specific student.
+    /// Returns null if no active assignment exists (meaning the user has no access
+    /// to that student).
+    ///
+    /// "Active" means:
+    ///   - is_active is true
+    ///   - start_date is today or earlier
+    ///   - end_date is null (ongoing) or today or later
+    /// </summary>
+    Task<StudentAssignment?> GetActiveAssignment(int userId, int studentId);
+}

prototype/RolesAssignments/Data/IRepositories.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+// =============================================================================
+// IStudentRepository.cs / IGoalRepository.cs / IProgressEntryRepository.cs
+// =============================================================================
+// All three repository interfaces in one file for this prototype.
+// Each defines the operations available for that entity.
+// =============================================================================
+
+using RolesAssignments.Models;
+
+namespace RolesAssignments.Data;
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// STUDENT REPOSITORY
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+public interface IStudentRepository
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Returns a list of students the given user is allowed to see.
+    /// This is the "scoped list" query — it filters at the database level
+    /// so unauthorized student records never leave the data layer.
+    /// </summary>
+    Task<IEnumerable<StudentSummaryDto>> GetAccessibleStudents(int userId);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Returns a single student by ID, or null if not found.
+    /// NOTE: This does NOT check authorization — the controller is responsible
+    /// for calling AuthorizeAsync before returning the data.
+    /// </summary>
+    Task<Student?> GetById(int studentId);
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// GOAL REPOSITORY  
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+public interface IGoalRepository
+{
+    Task<IEnumerable<Goal>> GetByStudentId(int studentId);
+    Task<Goal?> GetById(int goalId);
+    Task<int> Create(int studentId, CreateGoalRequest request, int createdByUserId);
+    Task Update(int goalId, UpdateGoalRequest request, int updatedByUserId);
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// PROGRESS ENTRY REPOSITORY
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+public interface IProgressEntryRepository
+{
+    Task<IEnumerable<ProgressEntry>> GetByStudentId(int studentId);
+    Task<ProgressEntry?> GetById(int entryId);
+    Task<int> Create(int studentId, CreateEntryRequest request, int createdByUserId);
+    Task Update(int entryId, UpdateEntryRequest request, int updatedByUserId);
+    Task SoftDelete(int entryId, int deletedByUserId);
+}

prototype/RolesAssignments/Extensions/ClaimsPrincipalExtensions.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+// =============================================================================
+// ClaimsPrincipalExtensions.cs
+// =============================================================================
+// WHAT IS AN EXTENSION METHOD?
+// ----------------------------
+// Normally, to add a method to a class, you'd edit that class. But you can't
+// edit ClaimsPrincipal — it's a built-in .NET class owned by Microsoft.
+//
+// C# has a feature called "extension methods" that lets you write a static
+// method in a static class, but call it AS IF it were an instance method on
+// another class. The trick is the `this` keyword before the first parameter:
+//
+//   public static int GetUserId(this ClaimsPrincipal principal)
+//                               ^^^^
+//                               This makes it an extension method.
+//
+// Now you can write:
+//   context.User.GetUserId()
+//
+// Instead of:
+//   ClaimsPrincipalExtensions.GetUserId(context.User)
+//
+// Both forms compile to the exact same code. The first is just nicer to read.
+// The one requirement is that the namespace containing the extension class must
+// be imported with `using` wherever you want to use it.
+//
+// WHAT IS A ClaimsPrincipal?
+// --------------------------
+// When a user logs in, their identity is represented as a ClaimsPrincipal.
+// It contains "claims" — key-value pairs like:
+//   - NameIdentifier = "1"    (the user's ID)
+//   - Role           = "Teacher"
+//   - Email          = "rivera@school.edu"
+//
+// These claims are typically set during login (packed into a JWT token or
+// cookie) and are available on every subsequent request via HttpContext.User.
+//
+// The extension methods below make it easy to extract specific values without
+// writing the same verbose claim-lookup code in every controller and handler.
+// =============================================================================
+
+using System.Security.Claims;
+
+namespace RolesAssignments.Extensions;
+
+public static class ClaimsPrincipalExtensions
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Extracts the user's numeric ID from their claims.
+    /// The claim is stored under ClaimTypes.NameIdentifier, which is a
+    /// standard claim type meaning "the unique identifier for this user."
+    /// </summary>
+    public static int GetUserId(this ClaimsPrincipal principal)
+    {
+        // FindFirstValue searches through the claims for the first one
+        // with the given type, and returns its string value.
+        var claim = principal.FindFirstValue(ClaimTypes.NameIdentifier);
+
+        if (claim is null)
+            throw new InvalidOperationException(
+                "User ID claim not found. This means the authentication " +
+                "middleware didn't set up the user's claims properly.");
+
+        // Claims are always strings, so we parse to int.
+        return int.Parse(claim);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Extracts the user's role from their claims (e.g., "Teacher").
+    /// </summary>
+    public static string GetRole(this ClaimsPrincipal principal)
+    {
+        return principal.FindFirstValue(ClaimTypes.Role)
+            ?? throw new InvalidOperationException(
+                "Role claim not found. This means the authentication " +
+                "middleware didn't set up the user's claims properly.");
+    }
+}

prototype/RolesAssignments/Middleware/FakeAuthHeaderFilter.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+// =============================================================================
+// FakeAuthHeaderFilter.cs
+// =============================================================================
+// This is a Swagger/OpenAPI filter that automatically adds an "X-User-Id"
+// header input field to every endpoint in the Swagger UI.
+//
+// Without this, you'd have to manually type the header name and value each
+// time you test an endpoint. With this, every endpoint shows a pre-labeled
+// input box where you just type 1, 2, or 3.
+//
+// HOW IT WORKS:
+// Swashbuckle (the Swagger library) calls this filter for every endpoint
+// it discovers. We add a header parameter to each one.
+// =============================================================================
+
+using Microsoft.OpenApi.Models;
+using Swashbuckle.AspNetCore.SwaggerGen;
+
+namespace RolesAssignments.Middleware;
+
+public class FakeAuthHeaderFilter : IOperationFilter
+{
+    public void Apply(OpenApiOperation operation, OperationFilterContext context)
+    {
+        // Add the X-User-Id header parameter to every endpoint
+        operation.Parameters ??= new List<OpenApiParameter>();
+        operation.Parameters.Add(new OpenApiParameter
+        {
+            Name = "X-User-Id",
+            In = ParameterLocation.Header,
+            Required = false,
+            Description = "Fake user ID: 1 = Ms. Rivera (Teacher), 2 = Mr. Daniels (Paraeducator), 3 = Dr. Patel (Supervisor)",
+            Schema = new OpenApiSchema { Type = "integer" }
+        });
+    }
+}

prototype/RolesAssignments/Middleware/FakeAuthMiddleware.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+// =============================================================================
+// FakeAuthMiddleware.cs
+// =============================================================================
+// IN A REAL APPLICATION, this would be replaced by JWT bearer authentication,
+// cookie authentication, or Identity. The user would log in once, receive a
+// token or cookie, and every subsequent request would carry their identity.
+//
+// FOR THIS PROTOTYPE, we simulate login by reading an HTTP header:
+//
+//   X-User-Id: 1   →  You're Ms. Rivera (Teacher)
+//   X-User-Id: 2   →  You're Mr. Daniels (Paraeducator)
+//   X-User-Id: 3   →  You're Dr. Patel (Supervisor)
+//
+// This middleware runs BEFORE every request reaches a controller. It reads
+// the header, looks up the user in a hardcoded list, and builds a
+// ClaimsPrincipal — the same object that real authentication produces.
+//
+// This means the rest of the application (controllers, authorization handlers)
+// works EXACTLY as it would with real authentication. The only fake part is
+// HOW the user identity gets established.
+//
+// WHAT IS MIDDLEWARE?
+// -------------------
+// Middleware is code that runs in a pipeline for every HTTP request.
+// Think of it like a series of checkpoints:
+//   Request → [Middleware A] → [Middleware B] → [Controller] → Response
+// Each middleware can inspect/modify the request, call the next one, or
+// short-circuit the pipeline (e.g., return 401 without ever reaching the
+// controller).
+// =============================================================================
+
+using System.Security.Claims;
+
+namespace RolesAssignments.Middleware;
+
+public class FakeAuthMiddleware
+{
+    // The next middleware in the pipeline. Middleware is like a chain —
+    // each piece holds a reference to the next one and decides whether
+    // to pass the request along.
+    private readonly RequestDelegate _next;
+
+    // Hardcoded user directory. In a real app, this would be a database lookup
+    // during login, and the resulting claims would be stored in a JWT token.
+    private static readonly Dictionary<int, (string Name, string Role)> _users = new()
+    {
+        { 1, ("Ms. Rivera",   "Teacher")       },
+        { 2, ("Mr. Daniels",  "Paraeducator")  },
+        { 3, ("Dr. Patel",    "Supervisor")     },
+    };
+
+    public FakeAuthMiddleware(RequestDelegate next)
+    {
+        _next = next;
+    }
+
+    public async Task InvokeAsync(HttpContext context)
+    {
+        // Try to read the X-User-Id header from the incoming request.
+        // If it's missing or invalid, we let the request through without
+        // setting up a user — the [Authorize] attribute on controllers
+        // will reject it with a 401 Unauthorized.
+        if (context.Request.Headers.TryGetValue("X-User-Id", out var userIdHeader)
+            && int.TryParse(userIdHeader, out var userId)
+            && _users.TryGetValue(userId, out var user))
+        {
+            // Build a list of "claims" — key-value pairs that describe the user.
+            // These are the same claims that would be embedded in a JWT token
+            // or stored in an authentication cookie in a real system.
+            var claims = new[]
+            {
+                // NameIdentifier = the user's unique ID (what GetUserId() reads)
+                new Claim(ClaimTypes.NameIdentifier, userId.ToString()),
+
+                // Name = the user's display name
+                new Claim(ClaimTypes.Name, user.Name),
+
+                // Role = what kind of user they are (what GetRole() reads)
+                new Claim(ClaimTypes.Role, user.Role),
+            };
+
+            // Create a "ClaimsIdentity" (a collection of claims tied to an
+            // authentication scheme). The second parameter "FakeAuth" is the
+            // authentication scheme name — in a real app this would be
+            // "Bearer" (for JWT) or "Cookies" (for cookie auth).
+            var identity = new ClaimsIdentity(claims, "FakeAuth");
+
+            // Wrap it in a ClaimsPrincipal and set it on the HTTP context.
+            // From this point on, any code that reads HttpContext.User
+            // (including controllers and authorization handlers) will see
+            // this user as "logged in."
+            context.User = new ClaimsPrincipal(identity);
+        }
+
+        // Pass the request to the next middleware in the pipeline.
+        // If we didn't set up a user above, context.User will be an
+        // anonymous/unauthenticated principal, and [Authorize] will block it.
+        await _next(context);
+    }
+}

prototype/RolesAssignments/Models/AssignmentType.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+// =============================================================================
+// AssignmentType.cs
+// =============================================================================
+// This enum represents the RELATIONSHIP between a user and a student.
+//
+// Think of it this way: a user's ROLE (Teacher, Paraeducator, Supervisor) tells
+// you WHAT they are. Their ASSIGNMENT TYPE tells you HOW they're connected to a
+// specific student.
+//
+// For example, a Teacher might be the "PrimaryTeacher" for Student A, but have
+// "TemporaryCoverage" for Student B (e.g., covering for a colleague on leave).
+//
+// This is stored in the `student_assignments` table in the database —
+// each row says "User X is connected to Student Y as [this type]."
+// =============================================================================
+
+namespace RolesAssignments.Models;
+
+public enum AssignmentType
+{
+    // The main teacher responsible for this student.
+    // Has full read/write access to goals, entries, sensitive notes, etc.
+    PrimaryTeacher,
+
+    // A paraeducator (teaching assistant) assigned to help with this student.
+    // Can view the student and add progress entries, but can only edit/delete
+    // their OWN entries — not entries made by someone else.
+    Paraeducator,
+
+    // A supervisor (admin/principal) overseeing this student.
+    // Has read-only access: can view everything and generate reports,
+    // but cannot create, edit, or delete anything.
+    Supervisor,
+
+    // A teacher temporarily covering for the primary teacher (e.g., sick leave).
+    // In this prototype, treated similarly to PrimaryTeacher for simplicity,
+    // but in a real system you might limit what they can do.
+    TemporaryCoverage
+}

prototype/RolesAssignments/Models/Goal.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+// =============================================================================
+// Goal.cs
+// =============================================================================
+// Represents a learning goal that belongs to a specific student.
+// For example: "Student will read 20 words per minute by end of semester."
+//
+// Only a PrimaryTeacher (or TemporaryCoverage) can create or edit goals.
+// Everyone else assigned to the student can VIEW them, but not change them.
+// =============================================================================
+
+namespace RolesAssignments.Models;
+
+public class Goal
+{
+    public int Id { get; set; }
+
+    // The student this goal belongs to.
+    // This is the foreign key back to the students table.
+    public int StudentId { get; set; }
+
+    // The text of the goal itself
+    public string Title { get; set; } = string.Empty;
+    public string Description { get; set; } = string.Empty;
+
+    // Who created this goal and when
+    public int CreatedByUserId { get; set; }
+    public DateTime CreatedAt { get; set; }
+}

prototype/RolesAssignments/Models/ProgressEntry.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+// =============================================================================
+// ProgressEntry.cs
+// =============================================================================
+// Represents a single log entry tracking a student's progress toward a goal.
+// For example: "Feb 19 — Student read 15 words per minute today."
+//
+// This is the entity that demonstrates the TWO-LAYER authorization check:
+//
+//   Layer 1 (Student-level): "Is this user assigned to the student at all?"
+//   Layer 2 (Entry-level):   "Does this user own THIS specific entry?"
+//
+// Teachers can edit/delete ANY entry for their assigned students.
+// Paraeducators can only edit/delete entries THEY created.
+// Supervisors cannot edit/delete anything.
+//
+// The key field for Layer 2 is `CreatedByUserId` — it tells us who wrote
+// this entry, which determines ownership.
+// =============================================================================
+
+namespace RolesAssignments.Models;
+
+public class ProgressEntry
+{
+    public int Id { get; set; }
+
+    // Which student this entry is about
+    public int StudentId { get; set; }
+
+    // The content of the progress note
+    public string Notes { get; set; } = string.Empty;
+
+    // WHO created this entry — this is the field used for ownership checks.
+    // When a paraeducator tries to edit an entry, we compare this field
+    // against the current user's ID to decide if they're allowed.
+    public int CreatedByUserId { get; set; }
+
+    public DateTime CreatedAt { get; set; }
+
+    // Soft-delete: mark as deleted instead of actually removing the row
+    public bool IsDeleted { get; set; }
+}

prototype/RolesAssignments/Models/Requests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+// =============================================================================
+// Requests.cs
+// =============================================================================
+// These are the "request" DTOs — the shapes of data that the API expects to
+// RECEIVE from the caller when creating or updating resources.
+//
+// They're intentionally simple: just the fields the caller controls.
+// Things like Id, CreatedByUserId, and CreatedAt are set by the server,
+// not by the caller.
+//
+// In a real app, you'd add validation attributes here (e.g., [Required],
+// [MaxLength(500)]) to enforce rules before the data reaches your logic.
+// =============================================================================
+
+namespace RolesAssignments.Models;
+
+// --- Goal Requests ---
+
+public class CreateGoalRequest
+{
+    public string Title { get; set; } = string.Empty;
+    public string Description { get; set; } = string.Empty;
+}
+
+public class UpdateGoalRequest
+{
+    public string Title { get; set; } = string.Empty;
+    public string Description { get; set; } = string.Empty;
+}
+
+// --- Progress Entry Requests ---
+
+public class CreateEntryRequest
+{
+    public string Notes { get; set; } = string.Empty;
+}
+
+public class UpdateEntryRequest
+{
+    public string Notes { get; set; } = string.Empty;
+}

prototype/RolesAssignments/Models/Student.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+// =============================================================================
+// Student.cs
+// =============================================================================
+// A simple student entity. In a real app this would map to the `students` table.
+//
+// Note: students don't "belong" to a teacher directly. Instead, the connection
+// is made through the `student_assignments` table (see StudentAssignment.cs).
+// This keeps the data model flexible — a student can have multiple adults
+// working with them, each with a different level of access.
+// =============================================================================
+
+namespace RolesAssignments.Models;
+
+public class Student
+{
+    public int Id { get; set; }
+
+    // A human-readable label like "Student A" or an internal identifier.
+    // In a real system this might be a school-issued ID number.
+    public string Identifier { get; set; } = string.Empty;
+
+    // e.g., "2025-2026"
+    public string ProgramYear { get; set; } = string.Empty;
+
+    public int Age { get; set; }
+
+    // Soft-delete flag. Instead of removing rows from the database,
+    // we mark them as deleted so we can still reference historical data.
+    public bool IsDeleted { get; set; }
+}

prototype/RolesAssignments/Models/StudentAssignment.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+// =============================================================================
+// StudentAssignment.cs
+// =============================================================================
+// This class represents a single row from the `student_assignments` table.
+//
+// It is THE MOST IMPORTANT piece of data in the entire authorization system.
+// Every permission decision boils down to: "Does this user have an active
+// assignment to this student, and if so, what type is it?"
+//
+// The corresponding database table looks like this:
+//
+//   CREATE TABLE student_assignments (
+//       id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
+//       user_id INT NOT NULL,
+//       student_id INT NOT NULL,
+//       assignment_type ENUM('PrimaryTeacher','Paraeducator','Supervisor','TemporaryCoverage') NOT NULL,
+//       start_date DATE NOT NULL,
+//       end_date DATE NULL,           -- NULL means "no end date" (ongoing)
+//       is_active BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT TRUE,
+//       FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES users(id),
+//       FOREIGN KEY (student_id) REFERENCES students(id)
+//   );
+// =============================================================================
+
+namespace RolesAssignments.Models;
+
+public class StudentAssignment
+{
+    public int Id { get; set; }
+
+    // Which user is assigned
+    public int UserId { get; set; }
+
+    // Which student they're assigned to
+    public int StudentId { get; set; }
+
+    // What kind of assignment this is (see AssignmentType.cs for details)
+    public AssignmentType AssignmentType { get; set; }
+
+    // When this assignment started (e.g., the beginning of the school year)
+    public DateTime StartDate { get; set; }
+
+    // When this assignment ends. NULL means it's ongoing with no planned end date.
+    public DateTime? EndDate { get; set; }
+
+    // A quick on/off switch. If a student transfers classes, you can set this
+    // to false instead of deleting the row — preserving the history.
+    public bool IsActive { get; set; }
+}

prototype/RolesAssignments/Models/StudentSummaryDto.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+// =============================================================================
+// StudentSummaryDto.cs
+// =============================================================================
+// A "DTO" (Data Transfer Object) is a lightweight object designed specifically
+// for sending data over the wire (in API responses). It contains only the
+// fields the caller needs — no internal details, no navigation properties.
+//
+// This DTO is returned by the "Get My Students" list endpoint. It includes
+// the student's basic info plus the assignment type, so the frontend knows
+// what kind of access the current user has.
+// =============================================================================
+
+namespace RolesAssignments.Models;
+
+public class StudentSummaryDto
+{
+    public int Id { get; set; }
+    public string Identifier { get; set; } = string.Empty;
+    public string ProgramYear { get; set; } = string.Empty;
+    public int Age { get; set; }
+
+    // This tells the frontend what the current user's relationship to this
+    // student is. For supervisors who see all students, this might be null
+    // for students they don't have a direct assignment to (though in this
+    // prototype, supervisors always have Supervisor-type assignments).
+    public string? AssignmentType { get; set; }
+}

prototype/RolesAssignments/Program.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+// =============================================================================
+// Program.cs
+// =============================================================================
+// This is the application's entry point — where everything gets wired together.
+//
+// It does three things:
+//   1. REGISTERS SERVICES with the dependency injection (DI) container
+//   2. CONFIGURES the HTTP pipeline (middleware order matters!)
+//   3. STARTS the web server
+//
+// DEPENDENCY INJECTION (DI) IN PLAIN ENGLISH:
+// -------------------------------------------
+// Instead of creating objects yourself (e.g., `new DummyGoalRepository()`),
+// you tell the framework: "whenever something asks for IGoalRepository,
+// give it a DummyGoalRepository." Then your controllers just declare
+// "I need an IGoalRepository" in their constructor, and the framework
+// automatically provides one.
+//
+// This is powerful because:
+//   - You can swap implementations in ONE place (here) without touching
+//     any controllers or handlers.
+//   - Each class only knows about the INTERFACE, not the concrete class.
+//   - Testing is easier — you can provide fake implementations.
+//
+// SERVICE LIFETIMES:
+//   - AddSingleton: ONE instance for the entire application lifetime.
+//   - AddScoped:    ONE instance PER HTTP REQUEST (created at the start
+//                   of the request, disposed at the end).
+//   - AddTransient: A NEW instance every time it's requested.
+//
+// We use AddSingleton for repositories because our dummy data is static
+// (shared across all requests). In production with a real database, you'd
+// use AddScoped so each request gets its own database connection.
+// =============================================================================
+
+using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization;
+using RolesAssignments.Authorization.Handlers;
+using RolesAssignments.Data;
+using RolesAssignments.Middleware;
+
+var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);
+
+// =============================================================================
+// SERVICE REGISTRATION
+// =============================================================================
+
+// ---- Controllers ----
+// Tells the framework to discover and register all [ApiController] classes.
+builder.Services.AddControllers();
+
+// ---- Authentication (Fake) ----
+// ASP.NET Core's [Authorize] attribute needs a registered authentication scheme
+// so it knows HOW to reject unauthenticated requests (the "challenge").
+// Even though our FakeAuthMiddleware does the real work of setting up the user,
+// we still need to register a scheme name so the framework doesn't complain.
+//
+// In production, you'd replace this with:
+//   builder.Services.AddAuthentication(JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme)
+//       .AddJwtBearer(options => { /* JWT config */ });
+builder.Services.AddAuthentication("FakeAuth")
+    .AddCookie("FakeAuth", options =>
+    {
+        // These settings don't really matter for our prototype since
+        // FakeAuthMiddleware handles everything. But the framework requires
+        // a registered handler for the scheme to exist.
+        options.Events.OnRedirectToLogin = context =>
+        {
+            // Instead of redirecting to a login page (default cookie behavior),
+            // return a clean 401 status code — appropriate for an API.
+            context.Response.StatusCode = StatusCodes.Status401Unauthorized;
+            return Task.CompletedTask;
+        };
+    });
+
+// ---- Authorization ----
+// Registers the core authorization services (IAuthorizationService, etc.).
+// This is what makes AuthorizeAsync() available for injection.
+builder.Services.AddAuthorizationCore();
+
+// ---- Authorization Handlers ----
+// Register our custom authorization handlers. The framework will discover
+// them when AuthorizeAsync() is called and route to the correct handler
+// based on the requirement type and resource type.
+//
+// AddScoped means one instance per request — this is appropriate because
+// each handler may hold per-request state (though ours don't).
+builder.Services.AddScoped<IAuthorizationHandler, StudentAuthorizationHandler>();
+builder.Services.AddScoped<IAuthorizationHandler, ProgressEntryAuthorizationHandler>();
+
+// ---- Repositories (Data Access) ----
+// Here's where the "swap" happens. Today we register dummy implementations.
+// To switch to a real database, you'd change these lines to:
+//
+//   builder.Services.AddScoped<IAssignmentRepository, DapperAssignmentRepository>();
+//   builder.Services.AddScoped<IStudentRepository, DapperStudentRepository>();
+//   builder.Services.AddScoped<IGoalRepository, DapperGoalRepository>();
+//   builder.Services.AddScoped<IProgressEntryRepository, DapperProgressEntryRepository>();
+//
+// ...and nothing else in the entire codebase would change.
+builder.Services.AddSingleton<IAssignmentRepository, DummyAssignmentRepository>();
+builder.Services.AddSingleton<IStudentRepository, DummyStudentRepository>();
+builder.Services.AddSingleton<IGoalRepository, DummyGoalRepository>();
+builder.Services.AddSingleton<IProgressEntryRepository, DummyProgressEntryRepository>();
+
+// ---- OpenAPI / Swagger UI ----
+// AddEndpointsApiExplorer lets Swagger discover your endpoints.
+// AddSwaggerGen generates the OpenAPI spec AND the interactive test page.
+builder.Services.AddEndpointsApiExplorer();
+builder.Services.AddSwaggerGen(options =>
+{
+    // This filter adds the "X-User-Id" header input to every endpoint in the
+    // Swagger UI, so you don't have to type the header name manually each time.
+    options.OperationFilter<FakeAuthHeaderFilter>();
+});
+
+var app = builder.Build();
+
+// =============================================================================
+// MIDDLEWARE PIPELINE
+// =============================================================================
+// Middleware runs in ORDER. Each request flows through them like this:
+//
+//   Request
+//     → HTTPS Redirection
+//     → FakeAuthMiddleware (sets up the user)
+//     → Authorization (checks [Authorize] attributes)
+//     → Controller (your endpoint code)
+//   Response
+//
+// ORDER MATTERS! FakeAuthMiddleware must run BEFORE UseAuthorization(),
+// because authorization needs to know who the user is before it can decide
+// if they're allowed in. If you swap them, every request would be denied
+// because the user would still be "anonymous" when authorization runs.
+
+if (app.Environment.IsDevelopment())
+{
+    // Serves the OpenAPI JSON spec at /swagger/v1/swagger.json
+    app.UseSwagger();
+
+    // Serves the interactive Swagger UI at /swagger
+    // To test as different users, click "Try it out" on any endpoint,
+    // then add the header: X-User-Id with value 1, 2, or 3.
+    app.UseSwaggerUI();
+}
+
+app.UseHttpsRedirection();
+
+// Register the authentication middleware (needed to activate the "FakeAuth" scheme).
+app.UseAuthentication();
+
+// Our fake authentication middleware runs AFTER UseAuthentication() and OVERRIDES
+// the user identity based on the X-User-Id header. In production, you'd remove
+// this line entirely — UseAuthentication() above would handle everything via JWT.
+app.UseMiddleware<FakeAuthMiddleware>();
+
+// ASP.NET Core's built-in authorization middleware. This is what enforces
+// [Authorize] attributes on controllers and calls our handlers.
+app.UseAuthorization();
+
+// Maps controller routes (e.g., /api/students, /api/students/101/goals)
+app.MapControllers();
+
+app.Run();

prototype/RolesAssignments/Properties/launchSettings.json

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+{
+  "$schema": "https://json.schemastore.org/launchsettings.json",
+  "profiles": {
+    "http": {
+      "commandName": "Project",
+      "dotnetRunMessages": true,
+      "launchBrowser": true,
+      "launchUrl": "swagger",
+      "applicationUrl": "http://localhost:5079",
+      "environmentVariables": {
+        "ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT": "Development"
+      }
+    },
+    "https": {
+      "commandName": "Project",
+      "dotnetRunMessages": true,
+      "launchBrowser": true,
+      "launchUrl": "swagger",
+      "applicationUrl": "https://localhost:7158;http://localhost:5079",
+      "environmentVariables": {
+        "ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT": "Development"
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}

prototype/RolesAssignments/RolesAssignments.csproj

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk.Web">
+
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <TargetFramework>net9.0</TargetFramework>
+    <Nullable>enable</Nullable>
+    <ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <PackageReference Include="Swashbuckle.AspNetCore" Version="6.9.0" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+
+</Project>

prototype/RolesAssignments/RolesAssignments.csproj.user

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<Project ToolsVersion="Current" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <ActiveDebugProfile>https</ActiveDebugProfile>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+</Project>

prototype/RolesAssignments/RolesAssignments.http

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+@RolesAssignments_HostAddress = http://localhost:5079
+
+GET {{RolesAssignments_HostAddress}}/weatherforecast/
+Accept: application/json
+
+###

prototype/RolesAssignments/RolesAssignments.sln

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+
+Microsoft Visual Studio Solution File, Format Version 12.00
+# Visual Studio Version 17
+VisualStudioVersion = 17.14.36429.23 d17.14
+MinimumVisualStudioVersion = 10.0.40219.1
+Project("{FAE04EC0-301F-11D3-BF4B-00C04F79EFBC}") = "RolesAssignments", "RolesAssignments.csproj", "{8668BDD8-B4B1-4A94-A3E2-CB140CA3E516}"
+EndProject
+Global
+	GlobalSection(SolutionConfigurationPlatforms) = preSolution
+		Debug|Any CPU = Debug|Any CPU
+		Release|Any CPU = Release|Any CPU
+	EndGlobalSection
+	GlobalSection(ProjectConfigurationPlatforms) = postSolution
+		{8668BDD8-B4B1-4A94-A3E2-CB140CA3E516}.Debug|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
+		{8668BDD8-B4B1-4A94-A3E2-CB140CA3E516}.Debug|Any CPU.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
+		{8668BDD8-B4B1-4A94-A3E2-CB140CA3E516}.Release|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
+		{8668BDD8-B4B1-4A94-A3E2-CB140CA3E516}.Release|Any CPU.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
+	EndGlobalSection
+	GlobalSection(SolutionProperties) = preSolution
+		HideSolutionNode = FALSE
+	EndGlobalSection
+	GlobalSection(ExtensibilityGlobals) = postSolution
+		SolutionGuid = {4E8E1296-D0D3-4A0C-9D57-62CD45B06C29}
+	EndGlobalSection
+EndGlobal

prototype/RolesAssignments/appsettings.Development.json

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+{
+  "Logging": {
+    "LogLevel": {
+      "Default": "Information",
+      "Microsoft.AspNetCore": "Warning"
+    }
+  }
+}

prototype/RolesAssignments/appsettings.json

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+  "Logging": {
+    "LogLevel": {
+      "Default": "Information",
+      "Microsoft.AspNetCore": "Warning"
+    }
+  },
+  "AllowedHosts": "*"
+}

prototype/RolesAssignments/readme.md

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+# User → Student Assignments
+
+| User (X-User-Id)     | Student 101 (A)    | Student 102 (B)    | Student 103 (C)  | Student 104 (D)  |
+|----------------------|--------------------|--------------------|------------------|------------------|
+| **1 — Ms. Rivera**   | ✅ PrimaryTeacher  | ✅ PrimaryTeacher  | ❌ No access     | ❌ No access     |
+| **2 — Mr. Daniels**  | ✅ Paraeducator    | ❌ No access       | ❌ No access     | ❌ No access     |
+| **3 — Dr. Patel**    | ✅ Supervisor      | ✅ Supervisor      | ✅ Supervisor    | ✅ Supervisor    |
+
+# What Each Assignment Type Can Do
+
+| Action                 | PrimaryTeacher   | Paraeducator       | Supervisor  |
+|------------------------|------------------|--------------------|-------------|
+| View student           | ✅               | ✅                 | ✅          |
+| Create goal            | ✅               | ❌                 | ❌          |
+| Edit goal              | ✅               | ❌                 | ❌          |
+| Add progress entry     | ✅               | ✅                 | ❌          |
+| Edit progress entry    | ✅ any entry     | ✅ own entries only | ❌          |
+| Delete progress entry  | ✅ any entry     | ✅ own entries only | ❌          |
+
+# Quick Test Scenarios
+
+- **User 1, GET /api/students**             → sees A & B (not C or D)
+- **User 2, GET /api/students**             → sees A only
+- **User 3, GET /api/students**             → sees all four (A, B, C, D)
+- **User 2, POST goal for student 101**     → 403 Forbidden (paras can't create goals)
+- **User 2, PUT entry 2 for student 101**   → ✅ (it's his own entry)
+- **User 2, PUT entry 1 for student 101**   → 403 (entry 1 was created by user 1)