Change versioning and save binaries as CI artifacts

For development versions of Stockfish, the version will now look like
dev-20221107-dca9a0533
indicating a development version, the date of the last commit,
and the git SHA of that commit. If git is not available,
the fallback is the date of compilation. Releases will continue to be
versioned as before.

Additionally, this PR extends the CI to create binary artifacts,
i.e. pushes to master will automatically build Stockfish and upload
the binaries to github.

closes https://github.com/official-stockfish/Stockfish/pull/4220

No functional change

src/Makefile

@@ -682,6 +682,18 @@ ifeq ($(pext),yes)
 	endif
 endif
 
+### 3.7.1 Try to include git commit sha for versioning
+GIT_SHA = $(shell git rev-parse --short HEAD 2>/dev/null)
+ifneq ($(GIT_SHA), )
+	CXXFLAGS += -DGIT_SHA=\"$(GIT_SHA)\"
+endif
+
+### 3.7.2 Try to include git commit date for versioning
+GIT_DATE = $(shell git show -s --date=format:'%Y%m%d' --format=%cd HEAD 2>/dev/null)
+ifneq ($(GIT_DATE), )
+	CXXFLAGS += -DGIT_DATE=\"$(GIT_DATE)\"
+endif
+
 ### 3.8 Link Time Optimization
 ### This is a mix of compile and link time options because the lto link phase
 ### needs access to the optimization flags.
@@ -800,7 +812,7 @@ endif
 
 .PHONY: help build profile-build strip install clean net objclean profileclean \
         config-sanity icc-profile-use icc-profile-make gcc-profile-use gcc-profile-make \
-        clang-profile-use clang-profile-make
+        clang-profile-use clang-profile-make FORCE
 
 build: net config-sanity
 	$(MAKE) ARCH=$(ARCH) COMP=$(COMP) all
@@ -948,6 +960,10 @@ config-sanity: net
 $(EXE): $(OBJS)
 	+$(CXX) -o $@ $(OBJS) $(LDFLAGS)
 
+# Force recompilation to ensure version info is up-to-date
+misc.o: FORCE
+FORCE:
+
 clang-profile-make:
 	$(MAKE) ARCH=$(ARCH) COMP=$(COMP) \
 	EXTRACXXFLAGS='-fprofile-instr-generate ' \